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프라그마틱 슬롯무료 of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean In addition to learner-internal influences, CLKs' awareness of pragmatic resistance and the social ties they could draw on were crucial. For instance the RIs from TS and ZL both cited their local professor relationships as a major reason for them to choose to avoid criticising a strict professor (see the example 2). This article examines all local research on Korean published until 2020. It focuses on pragmatic important topics such as: Discourse Construction Tests (DCTs) The discourse completion test (DCT) is widely used in the field of pragmatic research. It has many strengths, but it also has a few drawbacks. For example it is that the DCT is unable to account for cultural and personal differences in communication. The DCT can also be biased and lead to overgeneralizations. As a result, it must be carefully analyzed before using it for research or assessment purposes. Despite its limitations, the DCT is a useful tool to investigate the connection between prosody, information structure and non-native speakers. The ability to alter social variables relevant to politeness in two or more steps could be a benefit. This feature can help researchers understand the role of prosody in communicating across cultural contexts, a key issue in cross-cultural pragmatics. In the field of linguistics the DCT has emerged as one of the primary instruments for analyzing learners' behavior in communication. It can be used to study numerous issues, like the manner of speaking, turn-taking and lexical choices. 프라그마틱 정품확인방법 can also be used to assess the phonological complexity of learners speaking. A recent study used a DCT to evaluate EFL students' ability to resist. Participants were presented with a variety of scenarios to choose from and then asked to select the most appropriate response. The authors found that the DCT was more effective than other refusal measures, including a questionnaire and video recordings. However, the researchers warned that the DCT should be used with caution and include other data collection methods. DCTs are often developed with specific linguistic criteria in mind, like the content and the form. These criteria are intuitive and based upon the assumptions of test developers. They are not always exact and could be misleading in describing the way ELF learners respond to requests in real-world interactions. This issue calls for more study on alternative methods for testing refusal competence. In a recent study DCT responses to student requests via email were compared with those from an oral DCT. The results revealed that the DCT was more direct and conventionally indirect request forms and made a less frequent use of hints than the email data did. Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs) This study investigated Chinese learners their pragmatic choices when they use Korean. It used various tools for experimentation such as Discourse Completion Tasks, metapragmatic questions and Refusal Interviews. Participants were 46 CLKs at the upper-intermediate level who responded to DCTs, MQs, and RIs. They were also required to provide reflections on their evaluations and refusals in RIs. The results revealed that CLKs frequently chose to resist native Korean pragmatism norms. Their choices were influenced primarily by four factors that included their personalities and multilingual identities, their ongoing life experiences and their relational affordances. These findings have implications for pedagogy for L2 Korean assessment and teaching. The MQ data was first analyzed to determine the participants' choices in practice. The data were categorized according to Ishihara's (2010) definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, the choices were compared to their linguistic performance in the DCTs to determine if they showed a pattern of resistance to pragmatics or not. The interviewees were asked to justify their choice of pragmatic behavior in a particular scenario. The results of the MQs and DCTs were then analysed using descriptive statistics and z-tests. It was found that CLKs frequently used euphemistic responses such as “sorry” and “thank you.” This was likely due to their lack of familiarity with the target language which resulted in an inadequate understanding of korea pragmatic norms. The results showed that CLKs' preferences to differ from L1 and L2 norms or to be more convergent toward L1 differed based on the DCT situations. In situations 3 and 12 CLKs favored diverging from both L1- and L2-pragmatic norms, while in Situation 14, CLKs preferred convergence to L1 norms. The RIs also revealed that CLKs were aware of their pragmatism in every DCT situation. The RIs were conducted one-to-one within two days after participants completed the MQs. The RIs were recorded and transcribed, and then coded by two independent coders. Coding was an iterative process, where the coders discussed and read each transcript. The results of coding were evaluated against the original RI transcripts, which provided an indication of how well the RIs were able to capture the fundamental behavior. Interviews with Refusal A key question of pragmatic research is why some learners choose to resist pragmatic norms that native speakers use. A recent study attempted to answer this question by employing a variety of research tools, such as DCTs MQs, DCTs, and RIs. The participants consisted of 46 CLKs, 44 CNSs, and 45 KNSs from five Korean universities. They were required to complete the DCTs in their first language and complete the MQs in either their L1 or their L2. Then, they were invited to a RI where they were asked to consider their responses to the DCT situations. The results showed that CLKs, on average, did not adhere to the pragmatic norms of native speakers in more than 40 percent of their responses. They did this even though they could create native-like patterns. They were aware of their practical resistance. They attributed their resistance to learner-internal factors like their identities and personalities as well as multilingual identities. They also spoke of external factors such as relational benefits. They described, for example, how their interactions with their professors helped them to perform more comfortably in terms of the linguistic and social norms at their university. However, the interviewees also expressed concerns about the social pressures and punishments that they might be subjected to if they strayed from the local social norms. They were worried that their native friends may view them as “foreignersand consider them unintelligent. This worry was similar to the concerns expressed by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009). These findings suggest that native-speaker pragmatic norms are no longer the default preference of Korean learners. They could still be useful as a model for official Korean proficiency tests. But it is advisable for future researchers to reconsider their usefulness in particular situations and in different cultural contexts. This will help them better understand the effects of different cultural contexts on the classroom behavior and interactions of students from L2. This will also help educators develop better methods for teaching and testing Korean pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi is principal advisor for Stratways Group, a geopolitical risk consultancy based in Seoul. Case Studies The case study method is a research method that employs deep, participatory investigations to investigate a specific topic. This method uses numerous sources of information like interviews, observations, and documents to support its findings. This type of investigation can be used to examine complicated or unique subjects that are difficult for other methods to assess. In a case study, the first step is to define both the subject and the objectives of the study. This will allow you to determine what aspects of the subject should be studied and which can be omitted. It is also beneficial to review existing literature related to the subject to gain a broad understanding of the topic and place the case in a broader theoretical context. This case study was built on an open-source platform called the KMMLU Leaderboard [50], and its benchmarks for Koreans, HyperCLOVA X and LDCC Solar (figure 1 below). The results of the experiment showed that L2 Korean students were particularly vulnerable to native models. They tended to choose wrong answers which were literal interpretations. This was a deviation from the correct pragmatic inference. They also showed a distinct tendency to include their own words or “garbage” to their responses. This further reduced the quality of their responses. The participants in this study were L2 Korean students who had reached the level of four in the Test of Proficiency in Korean TOPIK in their second or third year of university and were hoping to attain level six on their next attempt. They were asked to respond to questions about their WTC/SPCC as well as understanding and pragmatic awareness. The interviewees were presented with two scenarios, each involving a hypothetical interaction with their interlocutors and asked to choose one of the following strategies when making an inquiry. They were then asked to explain the reasoning behind their choice. The majority of the participants attributed their pragmatism to their personality. TS for instance, claimed that she was difficult to talk to and refused to ask about the wellbeing of her colleague when they had a heavy work load, even though she thought native Koreans would.